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Grinding wheel Structure of grinding wheel Abrasive grain (artificial abrasice) Grain size Grade Structure Bond Bond subdivision symbols Grinding wheel specification and indication method Grinding wheel's shapes and size Process of grinding wheel Grinding operations and how to select grinding wheel Basic conditions for selection Prerequisite for selection standart by JIS. Standard selection of grinding wheel by JIS. Processing conditions Management of grinding operation problem Grinding wheel safety Treatment and storage Installation Points of caution when using Safety level Protective equipment CBN and Diamond wheels Bond characteristics Application examples by bond Concentration Indication Wheel shape symbols Truing and dressing Basic conditions on wheel selection

The processes of grinding wheel

• Vitrified process (V)
  
  The bond for the vitrified grinding wheel is made up of a mix of feldspar, pottery stone, clay, silica rock, talc and frit.
  
  The main ingredient, abrasive grain, is added to the bond and the grain which are then kneaded into a state of wetting and are press-nolded. After drying completely it is fired at approximately 1300C.
  
  The vitrified grinding wheel contains abrasive grain with strong gripping power and contains pores helpful for removing chips and has excellent water and chemical resistance.
  
  The vitrified grinding wheel has the longest history of any artificial grinding wheel type and with over half of all wheels being vitrified, has come into general use.

• Resinoid process (B)
  
  This process fires thermosetting resins like phenolic resin at approximately 200C as bond. Contact with the work material is soft since the elastic modulus is low, compared to grinding wheels using an inorganic bond.
  
  This wheel is used for rough grinding, heavy-duty grinding and super heavy-duty grinding because the level of safety is high and operation at high speeds is possible.
  
  It also develops high efficiency in double disk and centerless grinding wheels. Moreover, cutting off and depressed center grinding wheels are resinoid grinding wheels which contain reinforcing materials like glass fibers.

• Rubber process (R)
  
  This is an elastic grinding wheel which combines abrasive grains with ebonite hard rubber, and is mainly used for a regulating wheel for wet cutting off and centerless grinding wheels. Natural and artificial rubbers are used as the bond.

• Magnesium process (Mg)
  
  This is a cement grinding wheel in which magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride are bonded through chemical reactions and used as bond. Since the bond is magnesia oxychloride cement, it is also called the oxychloride grinding wheel.
  
  Compared to vitrified and resinoid processes, large quantities of bond are used, but since the hardness of the bond itseft is low, the bond wears considerably by chipping.
  
  Since crystallized water and chlorine ion contained in the bond serve as extreme pressure additives, this wheel has a superior sharpness and even in dry grinding burn marks are difficult to occur.
  
  This has been widely used for edged tool grinding and spring material grinding from long ago. However, since it contains chlorine ion, there is the problem of rust breaking out.